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Metropolis in Florida, Usa

Pensacola, Florida
City
Urban center of Pensacola
Clockwise from top: Pensacola skyline, Pensacola Museum of History, University of West Florida Library, Escambia County Courthouse, William Dudley Chipley Obelisk, National Naval Aviation Museum
Seal
Location in Escambia County and the country of Florida
Pensacola Location in Florida Evidence map of Florida Pensacola Location in the U.s. Evidence map of the United states Pensacola Pensacola (North America) Show map of North America
Coordinates: 30°26′N 87°12′W  /  thirty.433°N 87.200°W  / thirty.433; -87.200 Coordinates: 30°26′N 87°12′W  /  thirty.433°N 87.200°Westward  / xxx.433; -87.200
State	United states
State	Florida
County	Escambia
First settled	1559
Resettled	1667
Incorporated	1821
Founded by	Don Tristan de Luna
Regime
• Type	Mayor–quango
• Body	Pensacola City Council
• Mayor	Grover C. Robinson IV
• Council Vice President	Delarian Wiggins
Area [1]
• Metropolis	41.12 sq mi (106.49 kmtwo)
• Land	22.76 sq mi (58.95 km2)
• Water	18.36 sq mi (47.54 kmii)
• Metro	ane,669.30 sq mi (4,323.5 km2)
Acme	102 ft (31 one thousand)
Population (2020)
• City	54,312
• Density	2,386.nineteen/sq mi (921.thirty/km2)
• Metro	497,883
• Metro density	1,669.30/sq mi (644.52/km2)
• Demonym	Pensacolian
Time zone	UTC−six (CST)
• Summertime (DST)	UTC−five (CDT)
ZIP lawmaking	32501, 32512, 32534, 32591, 32502, 32513, 32559, 32592, 32503, 32514, 32573, 32593, 32504, 32516, 32574, 32594, 32505, 32520, 32575, 32595, 32506, 32521, 32576, 32596, 32507, 32522, 32581, 32597, 32508, 32523, 32582, 32598, 32509, 32524, 32589, 32511, 32526, 32590
Area code(southward)	850/448
FIPS lawmaking	12-55925[2]
GNIS feature ID	0294117[3]
Website	www.cityofpensacola.com

Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat and only incorporated city of Escambia Canton, Florida, United States.^[4] As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal metropolis of the Pensacola Metropolitan Expanse, which had an estimated 502,629 residents as of 2019^[update].^[5]

Pensacola is the site of the first Spanish settlement inside the borders of the continental United States in 1559, predating the establishment of St. Augustine by 6 years, although the settlement was abandoned due to a hurricane and not re-established until 1698. Pensacola is a seaport on Pensacola Bay, which is protected past the barrier island of Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large United states Naval Air Station, the commencement in the United States, is located southwest of Pensacola near Warrington; it is the base of the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The main campus of the Academy of West Florida is situated due north of the metropolis center.

The area was originally inhabited past Muskogean-speaking peoples. The Pensacola people lived there at the time of European contact, and Creek people ofttimes visited and traded from present-twenty-four hours southern Alabama and Mississippi and southeast of Louisiana. Spanish explorer Tristán de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559.^[6] In 1698 the Spanish established a presidio in the surface area, from which the modern metropolis gradually developed. The surface area changed hands several times as European powers competed in Due north America. During Florida'due south British dominion (1763–1781), fortifications were strengthened.

It is nicknamed "The City of Five Flags", due to the five governments that have ruled it during its history: the flags of Spain (Castile), French republic, Great Britain, the The states of America, and the Confederate States of America. Other nicknames include "Globe'southward Whitest Beaches" (due to the white sand of Florida panhandle beaches), "Cradle of Naval Aviation", "Western Gate to the Sunshine Country", "America's Kickoff Settlement", "Emerald Coast", "Red Snapper Uppercase of the World", and "P-Cola".

History [edit]

Pre-European [edit]

The original inhabitants of the Pensacola Bay surface area were Native American peoples. At the time of European contact, a Muskogean-speaking tribe known to the Castilian every bit the Pensacola lived in the region. This name was not recorded until 1677, just the tribe appears to be the source of the proper noun "Pensacola" for the bay and thence the metropolis.^[7] Creek people, also Muskogean-speaking, came regularly from present-day southern Alabama to trade, and so the peoples were part of a broader regional and even continental network of relations.^[8]

The all-time-known Pensacola culture site in terms of archæology is the Canteen Creek site, a large site located 59 miles (95 km) w of Pensacola due north of Mobile, Alabama. This site has at least 18 big earthwork mounds, v of which are bundled around a central plaza. Its main occupation was from 1250 CE to 1550. Information technology was a ceremonial center for the Pensacola people and a gateway to their social club. This site would have had easy admission by a dugout canoe, the main mode of transportation used past the Pensacola.^[nine]

Castilian [edit]

The area'southward written recorded history begins in the 16th century, with documentation by Spanish explorers who were the first Europeans to accomplish the area. The expeditions of Pánfilo de Narváez in 1528 and Hernando de Soto in 1539 both visited Pensacola Bay, the latter of which documented the name "Bay of Ochuse".^[10]

In the age of sailing ships Pensacola was the busiest port on the Gulf of United mexican states, having the deepest harbor on the Gulf.^[xi]

In 1559, Tristán de Luna y Arellano landed with some ane,500 people on xi ships from Veracruz, Mexico.^{[12] [10] [13] [xiv]} The expedition was to constitute an outpost, ultimately called Santa María de Ochuse by Luna, as a base for Spanish efforts to colonize Santa Elena (present-day Parris Island, Southward Carolina.) But the colony was decimated by a hurricane on September nineteen, 1559,^{[12] [10] [14]} which killed an unknown number of sailors and colonists, sank vi ships, grounded a seventh, and ruined supplies.

The survivors struggled to survive, nearly moving inland to what is now central Alabama for several months in 1560 earlier returning to the declension; simply in 1561, the try was abandoned.^{[12] [fourteen]} Some of the survivors eventually sailed to Santa Elena, but another storm struck there. Survivors made their way to Republic of cuba and finally returned to Pensacola, where the remaining fifty at Pensacola were taken dorsum to Veracruz. The Viceroy'southward advisers later concluded that northwest Florida was too dangerous to settle. They ignored information technology for 137 years.^{[12] [14]}

In the tardily 17th century, the French began exploring the lower Mississippi River with the intention of colonizing the region as part of La Louisiane or New French republic in North America. Fearful that Spanish territory would be threatened, the Castilian founded a new settlement in western Florida. In 1698 they established a fortified town near what is at present Fort Barrancas, laying the foundation for permanent European-dominated settlement of the modern city of Pensacola.^[fifteen] The Spanish built 3 presidios in Pensacola:^[sixteen]

• Presidio Santa Maria de Galve (1698–1719): the presidio included fort San Carlos de Austria (e of present Fort Barrancas) and a village with church;^[sixteen]
• Presidio Isla de Santa Rosa (1722–1752): this next presidio was on western Santa Rosa Island near the site of present Fort Pickens, but hurricanes battered the island in 1741 and 1752. The garrison was moved to the mainland;^[16]
• Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola (1754–1763): the final presidio was built about 5 miles (viii km) east of the first presidio; the present-day historic district of downtown Pensacola, named from "Panzacola", developed around the fort.^[16]

During the early on years of settlement, a tri-racial creole social club developed. As a fortified trading post, the Spanish had generally men stationed here. Some married or had unions with Pensacola, Creek or African women, both slave and free, and their descendants created a mixed-race population of mestizos and mulattos. The Spanish encouraged fugitive slaves from the Southern colonies to come to Florida as a refuge, promising freedom in commutation for conversion to Catholicism. King Charles II of Spain issued a royal declaration freeing all slaves who fled to Spanish Florida and accepted conversion and baptism. Most went to the area around St. Augustine, but escaped slaves likewise reached Pensacola. St. Augustine had mustered an all-black militia unit defending Spain as early every bit 1683.^[17]

British [edit]

Afterward years of settlement, the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763 as a result of an substitution following British victory over both French republic and Spain in the French and Indian War (the Due north American theater of the Vii Years' War), and French cession of its territories in North America. The British designated Pensacola equally the capital of their new colony of West Florida. From 1763, the British strengthened defenses around the mainland area of fort San Carlos de Barrancas, building the Royal Navy Redoubt. George Johnstone was appointed as the showtime British Governor, and in 1764 a colonial assembly was established.^{[18] [19]} The structure of the colony was modeled after the existing British colonies in America, every bit opposed to French Canada, which was based on a different structure. West Florida was invited to send delegates to the First Continental Congress which was convened to present colonial grievances against the British Parliament to George Iii, but forth with several other colonies, including East Florida, they declined the invitation. Once the American War of Independence had broken out, the colonists remained overwhelmingly loyal to the Crown. In 1778 the Willing Trek proceeded with a pocket-sized force down the Mississippi, ransacking estates and plantations, until they were eventually defeated by a local militia. In the wake of this, the surface area received a small number of British reinforcements.

British military resources were limited and Pensacola ranked fairly low on their listing of priorities. For this reason merely small token amounts of British military forces were ever sent to defend Pensacola. This was in contrast to colonies such as South Carolina, where large numbers of British soldiers were sent.^[twenty] Later on Kingdom of spain joined the American Revolution in 1779 on the side of the rebels, Spanish forces captured the city in the 1781 Siege of Pensacola, gaining control of West Florida.^[13] After the war, the British officially ceded both West Florida and East Florida to Spain as role of the post-war peace settlement.

In 1785 many Creek from southern Alabama and Georgia came to trade and Pensacola developed as a major trade center. Information technology was a garrison town, predominantly males in the military or trade.^[eight] Americans made raids into the area, and settlers pressured the federal regime to proceeds control of this territory.

United States [edit]

In the final stages of the War of 1812, American troops launched an offensive on Pensacola against the Castilian and British garrisons protecting the city, which surrendered later ii days of fighting. In 1819, Spain and the Usa negotiated the Adams–Onís Treaty, by which Spain sold the Floridas to the Usa for US$v million.^[13] A Castilian census of 1820 indicated 181 households in the town, with a third of mixed-blood. The people were predominantly French and Spanish Creole. Indians in the expanse were noted through records, travelers' accounts, and paintings of the era, including some by George Washington Sully and George Catlin. Creek women were also recorded in marriages to Castilian men, in court records or deeds.^[8]

In 1821, with Andrew Jackson as provisional governor, Pensacola became function of the United States.^[13] The Creek continued to interact with European Americans and African Americans, only the ascendant whites increasingly imposed their binary racial classifications: white and blackness ("colored", inside which were included gratis people of colour, including Indians). Yet, American Indians and mestizos were identified separately in courtroom and Catholic church records, and as Indians in censuses up until 1840, attesting to their presence in the society. After that, the Creek were not separately identified every bit Indian, simply the people did not disappear. Fifty-fifty after removal of many Seminole to Indian Territory, Indians, often of mixed-race merely culturally identifying as Muskogean, lived throughout Florida.^[8]

St. Michael'southward Cemetery was established in the 18th century at a location in a southward primal part of the urban center, which developed as the Downtown area. Initially owned by the Church of St. Michael, it is at present owned and managed by St. Michael's Cemetery Foundation of Pensacola, Inc.^[21] Preliminary studies betoken that in that location are over 3,200 marked burials likewise equally a large number unmarked.^[21]

Tensions betwixt the white community and Indians tended to increase during the Removal era. In addition, an increasing proportion of Anglo-Americans, who constituted the majority of whites past 1840, led to a hardening of racial discrimination in the area.^[8] There was disapproval of white men living with women of colour, which had previously been accepted. In 1853 the legislature passed a pecker prohibiting Indians from living in the state, and provided for capture and removal to Indian Territory.^[8]

While the bill excluded half-bloods and Indians already living in white communities, they went "underground" to escape persecution. No Indians were listed in late 19th and early on 20th century censuses for Escambia County. People of Indian descent were forced into the white or black communities by appearance, and officially, in terms of records, "disappeared". It was a blueprint repeated in many Southern settlements. Children of white fathers and Indian mothers were not designated as Indian in the late 19th century, whereas children of blacks or mulattos were classified inside the black community, related to laws during the slavery years.^[8]

In 1907–1908 there were 116 Creek in Pensacola who practical for the Eastern Cherokee enrollment, thinking that all Indians were eligible to enroll. Based on Alabama census records, virtually of these individuals have been constitute to be descendants of Creek who had migrated to the Pensacola area from southern Alabama afterwards Indian removal of the 1830s.^[eight]

Prior to this period Pensacola experienced the Civil War when in 1861 Confederate forces lost the nearby Battle of Santa Rosa Island and federal forces of the U.s.a. subsequently failed to win the Battle of Pensacola. Later on the autumn of New Orleans in 1862 the Confederacy abandoned the city and it was occupied by the Due north.^[22]

Geography [edit]

Topography [edit]

Pensacola is located on the north side of Pensacola Bay. It is 59 miles (95 km) east of Mobile, Alabama, and 196 miles (315 km) west of Tallahassee, the uppercase of Florida. According to the United States Census Bureau, Pensacola has a full expanse of 40.7 square miles (105.iv km²), consisting of 22.5 foursquare miles (58.4 km²) of land and eighteen.1 foursquare miles (47.0 km²), 44.62%, water.^[23]

The land is sloped up due north from Pensacola Bay, with well-nigh of the urban center at an height higher up that which a potential hurricane tempest surge could bear on.^[24]

Climate [edit]

Weather statistics since the late 20th century have been recorded at the airport. The city has seen single digit temperatures (below −12 °C) on iii occasions: 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 21, 1985; seven °F (−14 °C) on February xiii, 1899; and 8 °F (−13 °C) on January 11, 1982.^[25] According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Pensacola has a humid subtropical climate,^[26] (Köppen Cfa), with curt, mild winters and hot, humid summers. Typical summer conditions have highs in the lower 90s °F (32–34 °C) and lows in the mid 70s °F (23–24 °C).^[27] Afternoon or evening thunderstorms are common during the summer months. Due partly to the coastal location, temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) are relatively rare, and terminal occurred in June 2011, when two of the first four days of the month recorded highs reaching the century mark.^[28] The highest temperature ever recorded in the city was 106 °F (41 °C) on July 14, 1980.^[27] The daily boilerplate temperature in January is 51.4 °F (10.8 °C); freezing temperatures occur on an boilerplate 13.7 nights per flavor, with the average window for freezing atmospheric condition being from December 13 to February 20.^[29] Temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C) are very rare, and terminal occurred on Jan 8, 2015,^[xxx] when a low of nineteen °F (−7 °C) was seen.^[31] The everyman temperature ever recorded in the urban center was 5 °F (−xv °C) on Jan 21, 1985.^[27]

Snow is rare in Pensacola, but does occasionally fall. The well-nigh contempo snowfall effect occurred December 9, 2017,^[32] and the snow event previous to it occurred on February 12, 2010.^[33] The city receives 65.27 inches (1,660 mm) of atmospheric precipitation per twelvemonth, with a slightly more rainy season in the summer. The rainiest month is July, with seven.40 inches (188 mm), with May being the driest month at 4.17 inches (106 mm).^[27] In June 2012 over one foot (300 mm) of rain fell on Pensacola and side by side areas, leading to widespread flooding.^[34] On April 29, 2014, Pensacola was drenched by at to the lowest degree 20 inches of rain within a 24-hour menstruum, causing the worst flooding in thirty years^[35]

The city suffered a major accident on February 23, 2016, when a big EF3 wedge tornado hit the northwest part of Pensacola, causing major damage and several injuries.

Climate information for Pensacola, Florida (Pensacola Int'fifty), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1879–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	81 (27)	82 (28)	ninety (32)	96 (36)	102 (39)	102 (39)	106 (41)	104 (40)	102 (39)	97 (36)	89 (32)	81 (27)	106 (41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	75 (24)	77 (25)	83 (28)	85 (29)	93 (34)	96 (36)	97 (36)	96 (36)	95 (35)	89 (32)	82 (28)	78 (26)	98 (37)
Average loftier °F (°C)	62.7 (17.1)	66.4 (19.i)	72.0 (22.2)	77.six (25.3)	85.1 (29.5)	xc.0 (32.2)	91.6 (33.1)	91.0 (32.eight)	88.v (31.4)	81.1 (27.3)	71.8 (22.1)	65.one (18.four)	78.6 (25.9)
Daily mean °F (°C)	53.2 (xi.8)	56.8 (thirteen.8)	62.3 (16.viii)	68.three (twenty.2)	76.0 (24.four)	81.vii (27.6)	83.5 (28.6)	83.0 (28.3)	80.0 (26.7)	71.three (21.8)	61.4 (16.iii)	55.5 (xiii.1)	69.4 (xx.8)
Average low °F (°C)	43.vii (6.5)	47.ii (8.4)	52.7 (11.v)	59.0 (15.0)	66.9 (19.iv)	73.5 (23.1)	75.iii (24.i)	75.0 (23.9)	71.5 (21.nine)	61.6 (xvi.4)	51.0 (ten.half dozen)	45.ix (7.7)	sixty.3 (fifteen.7)
Hateful minimum °F (°C)	26 (−3)	xxx (−i)	35 (two)	44 (7)	54 (12)	67 (19)	70 (21)	69 (21)	60 (sixteen)	45 (seven)	34 (ane)	30 (−1)	24 (−4)
Record low °F (°C)	five (−15)	7 (−xiv)	22 (−6)	33 (1)	44 (7)	55 (13)	61 (16)	60 (xvi)	43 (6)	32 (0)	22 (−half-dozen)	11 (−12)	5 (−15)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	v.03 (128)	4.77 (121)	5.25 (133)	5.52 (140)	iii.90 (99)	vii.32 (186)	7.89 (200)	7.fifty (191)	6.61 (168)	4.70 (119)	4.42 (112)	5.40 (137)	68.31 (ane,735)
Boilerplate precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	9.6	eight.6	eight.1	7.1	7.6	12.0	15.three	14.7	9.3	half-dozen.4	seven.1	nine.five	115.3
Source: NOAA[36] [29]

Hurricanes [edit]

Pensacola's location on the Florida Panhandle makes it vulnerable to hurricanes. Hurricanes which have made landfall at or near Pensacola since the late 20th century include Eloise (1975), Frederic (1979), Juan (1985), Erin (1995), Opal (1995), Georges (1998), Ivan (2004), Dennis (2005), and Sally (2020). In July 2005, Hurricane Dennis made landfall just east of the urban center, sparing it the damage received from Ivan the year earlier. However, hurricane and near-hurricane-force winds were recorded in downtown, causing moderate damage.

Pensacola received simply a glancing blow from Hurricane Katrina in 2005, resulting in lite to moderate harm reported in the surface area. The aftermath of the extensive damage from Katrina was a dramatic reduction in tourism coming from Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama.

Hurricane Ivan [edit]

On September 16, 2004,^[37] Pensacola and several surrounding areas were devastated by Hurricane Ivan. Pensacola was on the eastern side of the eyewall, which sent a big storm surge into Escambia Bay; this destroyed most of the I-10 Escambia Bay Bridge. The tempest knocked 58 spans off the eastbound and westbound bridges and misaligned some other 66 spans, forcing the bridge to close to traffic in both directions.^[38] The surge also destroyed the fishing span that spanned Pensacola Bay alongside the Phillip Beale Memorial Bridge, locally known as the Iii Mile Bridge.^[39]

Over $6 billion in damage occurred in the metro expanse and more than x,000 homes were destroyed, with some other 27,000 heavily damaged. NASA created a comparison paradigm to illustrate the massive damage. Considering of the widespread losses, Hurricane Ivan drove up the price of housing in the expanse, leading to a severe shortage of affordable housing. ^{[ commendation needed ]}

Hurricane Sally [edit]

In September 2020, Pensacola suffered heavy damage past Hurricane Sally. Damages in Escambia County were estimated by local officials at $29 million.^[40] Downtown Pensacola was flooded.

Demographics [edit]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1850	2,164		—
1860	2,876		32.9%
1870	3,347		sixteen.iv%
1880	6,845		104.5%
1890	11,750		71.7%
1900	17,747		51.0%
1910	22,982		29.5%
1920	31,035		35.0%
1930	31,579		1.8%
1940	37,449		xviii.half dozen%
1950	43,479		16.i%
1960	56,752		30.5%
1970	59,507		iv.9%
1980	57,619		−iii.ii%
1990	58,165		0.9%
2000	56,255		−3.iii%
2010	51,923		−7.7%
2020	54,312		iv.6%
U.Southward. Decennial Census[41]

Equally of the demography^[2] of 2010, there were 51,923 people, 23,600 households, and 14,665 families residing in the city, and 402,000 people in the Pensacola MSA. The population density was two,303.five people per square mile (956.viii/km²). At that place were 26,848 housing units at an boilerplate density of 1,189.four per square mile (459.2/km²). The racial makeup of the urban center is 66.3% White, 28.0% African American, two.0% Asian, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, ii.iii% from two or more races. 3.iii% are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

At that place were 24,524 households, out of which 24.vi% had children living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, sixteen.seven% had a female householder with no husband nowadays, and twoscore.2% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.seven% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was two.27 and the average family size was 2.92.

Out of the total population in Pensacola, 45.9% identify with a religion, slightly lower than the national average of 48.iii%.^[42] Over 48% of Pensacolians who practice a faith identify as Baptists (22.1% of all city residents).^[42] Other Christian denominations include Roman Catholics (9.ii% of city residents), Pentecostal (3.8%), Methodist (3.8%), Episcopal (1.one%), Presbyterian (one.1%), and Orthodox (0.3%).^[42]

Pensacola is home to a minor (0.2% of metropolis residents)^[42] but significant Jewish community, whose roots date mostly to German Jewish immigrants of the mid-to-tardily 19th century. There were also Sephardic Jewish migrants from other areas of the S, and immigrants from other areas of Europe. The commencement Florida chapter of B'nai Brith was founded downtown in 1874, too as the offset temple, Beth-El, in 1876. Autonomously from the Reform Beth-El, Pensacola is likewise served by the Conservative B'nai Israel Synagogue.^[43] Paula Ackerman, the start woman who performed rabbinical functions in the U.s.a., was a Pensacola native and led services at Beth-El.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,779, and the median income for a family unit was $42,868. Males had a median income of $32,258 versus $23,582 for females. The per capita income for the urban center was $thirty,556 in 2011. Well-nigh 12.7% of families and 16.3%^[44] of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those nether age 18 and nine.ii% of those age 65 or over.

Economy [edit]

War machine [edit]

The city has been referred to as "The Cradle of Naval Aviation".^[45] Naval Air Station Pensacola (NASP) was the offset Naval Air Station commissioned by the U.S. Navy in 1914. Tens of thousands naval aviators take received their preparation there, including John H. Glenn, USMC, who became the first American to orbit the earth in 1962, and Neil Armstrong, who became the get-go man to set foot on the moon in 1969.^[46] The Navy's Flying Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, is stationed there.

The National Museum of Naval Aviation is located on the Naval Air Station and is free to the public. The museum cares for and exhibits hundreds of vintage Naval Aviation shipping and preserves the history of Naval Aviation through displays, symposiums, IMAX movies and tours.

Corry Station Naval Technical Training Eye serves every bit an annex for the main base of operations and the eye for Information Dominance. CWO3 Gary R. Schuetz Memorial Health Dispensary is at Corry Station, Naval Hospital Pensacola, as is the main Navy Exchange and Defense force Commissary Agency commissary complex for both Corry Station and NAS Pensacola. The Army National Guard B Troop 1-153 Cavalry, Bravo Company 146th Expeditionary Signal Battalion is stationed in Pensacola.

Tourism [edit]

Pensacola is domicile to a number of annual festivals, events, historic tours, and landmarks. The Pensacola Seafood Festival and the Pensacola Crawfish Festival have been held for nearly 30 years in the city's historic downtown. The Great Gulfcoast Arts Festival is held annually in Nov in Seville Square, and often draws more than 200 regional and international artists. The Children'south Art Festival, also held in Seville Square, displays fine art by local schoolchildren. Pensacon is a comic convention held each February, with almost 25,000 attendees from around the globe.

Scuba diving and deep sea angling are a large part of Pensacola's tourism industry. The USS Oriskany was purposefully sunk in 2004 to create an bogus reef off the shores of Pensacola.^[47]

There are several walking tours of restored 18th-century-era neighborhoods in Pensacola.

Pensacola is the site of the Vietnam Veterans' Wall South. At that place are a number of historical military installations from the Ceremonious War, including Fort Barrancas. Fort Pickens served as a temporary prison for Geronimo. Other armed forces landmarks include the National Naval Aviation Museum and Pensacola Lighthouse at NAS Pensacola.

The urban center's convention and visitors' bureau, Visit Pensacola,^[48] is overseen by the Greater Pensacola Chamber.^[49]

Top employers [edit]

Rank	Employer	Employees
1	Navy Federal Credit Union	7,723
2	Baptist Wellness Care	half dozen,633
3	Sacred Heart Wellness Systems	iv,820
four	Gulf Ability Visitor	1,774
five	West Florida Healthcare	1,200
six	Ascend Performance Materials	888
7	Alorica (fka Due west Corporation)	800
8	Innisfree Hotels	750
9	Santa Rosa Medical Center	521
x	Medical Center Dispensary	500

^[50]

Arts and culture [edit]

The arts and theatre [edit]

Saenger Theater in Downtown Pensacola

There are a number of performance venues in the Pensacola area, including the Pensacola Bay Eye (formerly the Pensacola Civic Center),^[51] often used for big-ticket events, and the Saenger Theater, used for performances and mid-level events. Other theatres used for alive performances, plays, and musicals include the Pensacola Little Theatre, Pensacola Country College, University of West Florida, Vinyl Music Hall, and Loblolly Theatre. Pensacola is too dwelling to the Pensacola Opera, Pensacola Children'south Chorus, Pensacola Symphony Orchestra, Pensacola Civic Band, Pensacola Bay Concert Ring, and the Choral Gild of Pensacola, too every bit Ballet Pensacola. There is also the Palafox Place amusement district.

Architecture [edit]

Pensacola does not have a prominent skyline, but has several low-rise buildings. The tallest is the 15-flooring Crowne Plaza Grand Hotel, at 146 anxiety (45 m). Other tall buildings include the Scenic Apartments (98 feet, thirty m), SunTrust Belfry (96 feet, 29 m), Seville Tower (88 anxiety, 27 m), and the AT&T Edifice (76 feet, 23 chiliad).

Historic buildings in Pensacola include the First National Banking company Edifice.

Museums [edit]

• Pensacola Museum of Art
• Historic Pensacola's Museum of Industry
• Historic Pensacola's Museum of Commerce
• Pensacola MESS Hall - hands on science museum

Pelican Drop [edit]

The Pelican Drop was a New Year's Eve celebration that took place each year in downtown Pensacola. At the ceremony, a pelican, the metropolis'due south mascot, was dropped instead of the typical New Year'due south ball. The event included live music and fireworks. Since 2008, The Pelican Drop has become a significant allure in the area, drawing in crowds of upwards to 50,000 local residents, making it i of the largest events of its kind in the Central Time Zone. In 2014, the event was named every bit 1 of the Peak 20 Events in the Southeast past the Southeast Tourism Society.^[52]

History [edit]

The First Pelican Driblet New Year's Celebration took place in 2008. The Pensacola News Periodical released an commodity stating that the CRA (or Pensacola Community Redevelopment Agency) was working on making a new kind of New Yr'due south Eve celebration. The paper said that the celebration will exist held at the Plaza Ferdinand Seven and will also be live on WEAR-TV; beginning with the 2017 celebration, events were carried in simulcast on WEAR's Website. Almost 45,000 people showed up for the event, including residents of Mobile, Alabama (which hosts its own competing driblet, a Moon Pie), Milton, Florida, Navarre, Florida, and Destin, Florida.^[53]

In Dec 2019, organizers appear that the Pelican Drop had been canceled due to financial issues and the burden the event had caused on local police force and public services. A smaller fireworks display, which does not crave the same amount of traffic disruption, will be held instead.^[54]

The pelican was fabricated and designed by Emmett Andrews LLC.^[55] Made of polished aluminum and decorated with over 2,000 lights, the bird has a 17-pes (5.two one thousand) wingspan and is 12 feet (iii.7 yard) high.^[52]

Sports [edit]

Team	Sport	League	Venue
Pensacola Water ice Flyers	Ice hockey	Southern Professional Hockey League	Pensacola Bay Center
Gulf Coast Riptide	American football game	Women'southward Spring Football League	Escambia High Schoolhouse
Pensacola Blueish Wahoos	Baseball	Southern League (AA)	Pensacola Bayfront Stadium
Pensacola FC	Soccer	Gulf Declension Premier League	Ashton Brosnaham Stadium
Due west Florida Argonauts	Baseball game, Basketball, American Football game	NCAA Sectionalization Ii Gulf S Briefing	University of West Florida
Pensacola Roller Gurlz	Flat Track Roller Derby	Women'due south Flat Track Derby Association	Dreamland Skate Center

Pensacola Marathon
The Pensacola Marathon is hosted annually on Veteran's Solar day weekend. The race begins and ends at Admiral Bricklayer Park running 26.2 miles through several Pensacola neighborhoods.^[56]

Parks and recreation [edit]

• Big Lagoon Country Park - approximately 10 miles (xvi km) southwest of Pensacola on Gulf Embankment Highway^[57]
• Perdido Key State Park - located on a barrier island xv miles (24 km) southwest of Pensacola, off South.R. 292^[58]
• Tarkiln Bayou Preserve Country Park - 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Pensacola,^[59]
• Pensacola Bayfront Stadium - a multi-apply park in Pensacola^[60]
• Plaza Ferdinand Vii
• Bayview Park^[61]
• Miraflores Park^[62]

Regime [edit]

Council Members
District	Council member
ane	P.C. Wu
2	Sherri Myers
3	Andy Terhaar
4	Jared Moore
v	Gerald Wingate
vi	Ann Hill
seven	Jewel Cannada-Wynn

The metropolis of Pensacola utilizes a strong mayor-council form of government, which was adopted in 2011 later citizens voted in 2009 to approve a new urban center lease. An elected mayor serves equally the chief executive of the city government, while a seven-member city council serves equally the city's governing body. A council president is selected past the council from its members, forth with a vice president.

Metropolis voters approved a charter subpoena on June 11, 2013, which eliminated the and so-ix fellow member quango'south 2 at-big seats; one seat was phased out in November 2014, and the other expired in November 2016. Two additional lease amendments were canonical on November 4, 2014, which made the position of mayor bailiwick to remember and provided the urban center council with the say-so to hire staff. The current urban center hall was opened in 1986.

Politics [edit]

Afterward the Civil War, Pensacola, like the rest of the South, was controlled by Republicans during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877). The Republican government had numerous African American politicians, including several county commissioners, urban center aldermen, constables, country representatives, and even ane African American mayor—Salvador Pons. Even so, with the 1884 election of native Pensacolian and erstwhile Confederate full general Edward Perry, a dramatic shift occurred. Perry, a Democrat who really lost the Escambia County vote during the statewide election, acted to dissolve the Republican city government of Pensacola and in 1885 replaced this government with manus-picked successors, including railroad magnate William D. Chipley. The only African American to remain in urban center government was George Washington Witherspoon, a pastor with the African Methodist Episcopal Church who was previously a Republican and switched parties to the Democrats. Following Governor Perry'south dissolution of the Republican government, the metropolis remained Autonomous for more than a century after the Civil State of war with no African Americans serving in an elected capacity for nearly a century.

Equally was the case in most of Florida, the Autonomous chief was the real competition for nigh state and local elections until the 1970s. However, from the 1960s onward, due in part to the Republican Political party's Southern strategy, residents of this staunchly conservative military machine and Bible Belt city began splitting their tickets and voting Republican in national elections. Despite this, Democrats continued to win most elections at the country and local level well into the 1990s, though most of them were very bourgeois even by Southern Autonomous standards.

This changed in 1994, when Republican attorney Joe Scarborough defeated Vince Whibbs, Jr., the son of popular quondam Autonomous mayor Vince Whibbs, in a landslide to stand for Florida'southward 1st congressional district, which is based in Pensacola. Republicans also swept all of the area's seats in the country legislature, the bulk of which were held past Democrats. Since and so, Republicans have dominated every level of authorities, although municipal elections are officially nonpartisan. In Baronial 2005, registered Republicans outnumbered Democrats for the outset time in the area's history. As of Baronial 2005, in Escambia County, 44% of the residents were registered Republicans compared to 39.91% of the population having registered as Democrats, with another thirteen.21% having no party affiliation.^[63]

In the 2004 presidential election, 65% of Escambia County residents voted for George Westward. Bush over John Kerry. The Pensacola expanse has non supported a Democrat for president since John F. Kennedy in 1960. In 1968, Pensacola and the rest of North Florida supported American Contained Party candidate George Wallace.

Regional representatives [edit]

Pensacola is currently represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by Matt Gaetz (R), in the land senate by Doug Broxson (R),^[64] and in the country firm by District ii representative Alex Andrade (R).^[65]

Pedagogy [edit]

The main campus of Pensacola State College is in the Urban center of Pensacola. The University of West Florida (UWF) operates a campus in downtown Pensacola. Its principal campus, located north of the urban center, has the largest library in the region, the John C. Pace Library. UWF is the largest post-secondary institution in the area.

Public master and secondary schools in Pensacola are administered by the Escambia County School District. The district operates ii high schools (Booker T. Washington and Pensacola) within the City of Pensacola. District-run high schools virtually the city include Escambia, J. M. Tate, and Pine Forest. Other public schools in the urban center include A.G. Suter Uncomplicated, Cordova Park Elementary, J.H. Workman Middle, North.B. Cook Elementary, O.J. Semmes Elementary, and Scenic Heights Elementary. The commune besides operates one magnet loftier school (West Florida High School of Avant-garde Applied science) near the city.

Several private schools operate within or most the city: Due east Hill Academy, East Colina Christian School, Episcopal Twenty-four hours Schoolhouse of Christ Church building, Pensacola Catholic Loftier School, Pensacola Christian Academy, Sacred Middle Cathedral School, Saint John the Evangelist Catholic School, Saint Paul Catholic School, Lilliputian Flower Catholic School, and Seville Bayside Montessori. The campus of Pensacola Christian College is nearly the metropolis.

Media [edit]

The largest daily newspaper in the area is the Pensacola News Journal, with offices on Romana Street in downtown; the News Journal is owned by the Gannett Company. There is an culling weekly newspaper, Inweekly.

Pensacola is home to WEAR-Television receiver, the ABC affiliate for Pensacola, Navarre, Fort Walton Beach, and Mobile, Alabama, and WSRE-TV, the local PBS member station, which is operated by Pensacola State College. Other goggle box stations in the market include WALA-Idiot box, the Trick affiliate; WKRG, the CBS affiliate; and WPMI, the NBC affiliate, which are all located in Mobile. Cable service in the city is provided by Cox Communications and AT&T U-Verse. WUWF is the area's NPR chapter and is based at the Academy of West Florida. WPCS (FM) is broadcast from the Pensacola Christian College campus, where the nationwide Rejoice Radio Network maintains its studio.^[66]

Pensacola Magazine, the urban center'south monthly sleeky magazine, and Northwest Florida'south Business Climate, the only business magazine devoted to the region, are published locally. The News Journal besides publishes Home & Garden Weekly magazine as well as the monthly Bella, devoted to women.

Infrastructure [edit]

Transportation [edit]

Aviation [edit]

Major air traffic in the Pensacola and greater northwest Florida area is handled by Pensacola International Airport. Pensacola International is the largest airport in Northwest Florida by passenger count and is the second busiest in all of North Florida, only behind Jacksonville. ^{[ citation needed ]} As of November 2019^[update], airlines serving Pensacola International Aerodrome are American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Silvery Airways, Southwest Airlines, Boutique Airlines, Spirit Airlines, and United Airlines.^[67]

Railroads [edit]

Pensacola was first connected by rail with Montgomery, Alabama, via the Alabama and Florida Railroad, completed in 1861 simply before the start of the Civil War. During the war, most of the runway between Pensacola and the Alabama country line were removed to construct other railroad lines urgently needed elsewhere in the Confederacy. The line to Pensacola was not rebuilt until 1868, and was acquired by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1880. In 1882, the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad was completed from Pensacola to Chattahoochee, Florida, linking Pensacola with the residual of the country. This line was also acquired by the L&N.

Past 1928, a number of brusque lines congenital northward from Pensacola to Kimbrough, Alabama, were acquired by the Frisco Railroad, giving it access to the port of Pensacola.^{[68] [69]} Some thirty years after, retired Frisco steam engine 1355 was donated to the city and stands in the median of Garden Street, near the site of the now-demolished Frisco passenger station.^[70]

Frisco passenger service to Pensacola ended in 1955, and L&North passenger service, including the streamlined Gulf Wind, ended in 1971 with the appearance of Amtrak. However, from early 1993 through August 2005 Pensacola was served past the tri-weekly Amtrak Sunset Limited, simply service e of New Orleans to Jacksonville and Orlando was suspended due to damage to the rail line of CSX during Hurricane Katrina in 2005.^[71]

In the 21st century, freight service to and from Pensacola is provided by L&North successor CSX as well as Frisco successor Alabama and Gulf Coast Railway, a brusk line. On June ane, 2019, the newly formed Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad, a Class III railroad headquartered in Tallahassee, acquired the CSX chief line from Pensacola to Baldwin, Florida, most Jacksonville, becoming the Panhandle'due south only e–west freight hauler. A news report on the new railroad in mid-2019 noted that Amtrak indicated that the Panhandle had a "almost-nada chance" of seeing rider service restored.^[72] Pensacola and Tallahassee are the two largest metropolitan areas in Florida without any passenger rail service.

Major highways [edit]

Mass transit [edit]

This section needs to exist updated. Please assistance update this article to reflect recent events or newly available data. (March 2022)

The local passenger vehicle service is the Escambia County Area Transit.^[73] In December 2007, ECAT announced that information technology would cut many of its routes citing poor rider frequency. However, in January 2008, ECAT announced that it would expand service to neighboring Gulf Breeze and change existing routes to more convenient locations.^[74]

Bus [edit]

The metropolis is served by Greyhound Jitney and Greyhound Lines.^[75]

Hospitals [edit]

Hospitals in Pensacola include Rise Sacred Heart Hospital, Baptist Hospital, Encompass Health Rehabilitation Hospital, HCA Florida Westward Hospital, Select Specialty Infirmary, and Due west Florida Hospital.^[76]

Notable people [edit]

• John David Roy Atchison (1954–2007), Assistant Usa Attorney and children'southward sports coach, committed suicide in prison house after being charged with soliciting sexual activity from a 5-year-old girl
• Chuck Baldwin, politician, pastor
• Derrick Brooks, Hall of Fame NFL linebacker
• Ashley Brownish, vocalist and actress
• Austin Carlile, lead vocalizer for Of Mice & Men
• Adron Chambers, baseball player, 2011 World Series champion
• Josh Donaldson, Major League Baseball game third baseman for the Minnesota Twins
• Reggie Evans, NBA player
• Samuel Gibbs French, Confederate Major General
• Derrick Gainer, former earth champion boxer
• Mark Gormley, vocaliser-songwriter who rose to internet fame
• Robert Graysmith, true-criminal offence author and former cartoonist, protagonist of film Zodiac
• Gigi Gryce, jazz composer and musician
• Harry B. Harris Jr., first Asian-American iv-star admiral in the U.Southward. Navy; U.Southward. Pacific Control Commanding Officer.
• Kim Helton, college and pro football coach
• Martin Holley, Roman Cosmic bishop
• Kent Hovind, Christian fundamentalist evangelist and taxation protester
• Daniel "Chappie" James Jr., former US Air Force fighter airplane pilot who became the first African American to reach the rank of iv-star general in the military
• Horace Jones, NFL defensive end
• Roy Jones, Jr., professional person boxing champion and 1988 Olympic silver medalist
• Phil Thomas Katt, singer-songwriter, filmmaker, music video producer, and radio DJ. Host of The Uncharted Zone
• Fred Levin, attorney from Pensacola, co-founder of the Levin Papantonio Law Business firm
• Max Macon, Major League Baseball pitcher/first baseman-outfielder and picket, Small-scale League manager, high schoolhouse and higher basketball referee
• Rob Mariano, Survivor Hall of Fame member, Amazing Race contestant and winner of Survivor Redemption Island
• Amber Mariano, Survivor castaway, Amazing Race contestant and winner of Survivor All-Stars
• Gwen McCrae, singer
• Mike McCready, lead guitar role player for Pearl Jam
• Katy Mixon, actress
• Alfred Morris, NFL running back
• Joan Perry, actress
• Jeremy Reaves, NFL strong safety
• Roman Reigns, professional wrestler currently signed to WWE
• Trent Richardson, NFL running back
• Fred Robbins, NFL defensive tackle
• Peter S. Ruckman, pastor
• Buck Showalter, former manager Major League Baseball^[77]
• John Schwab, actor
• Don Shirley, famed pianist, focus of the motion-picture show Dark-green Book
• Josh Sitton, NFL offensive lineman
• Betty Skelton, aviatrix and auto racer
• Emmitt Smith, NFL running dorsum in Pro Football game Hall of Fame
• Peter Thomas, narrator known for Forensic Files^[78]
• Rysa Walker, writer of The Chronos Files series
• Jim White, vocaliser, songwriter and guitarist
• Holman Williams, boxer in International Boxing Hall of Fame

Bands from Pensacola [edit]

• Finite Automata, an industrial band
• This Cycle is a Piping Bomb, a folk-punk ring
• Twothirtyeight, indie rock band
• Body Head Bangerz, hip hop grouping
• McAlyster, Country music group

Sister cities [edit]

Pensacola'southward sister cities are:^[79]

See also [edit]

• Bluish Angels
• Brownsville Revival
• Escambia Bay Span
• Escambia High School riots
• Gulf Breeze, Florida
• Marion C. Bascom
• Murders of Byrd and Melanie Billings (July 9, 2009)
• Navarre, Florida

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External links [edit]

• Official website
• Pensapedia, the Pensacola encyclopedia
• Pensacola Bay Area Convention & Visitors Bureau
• world wide web.hurricanecity.com/urban center/pensacola Hurricane history for Pensacola Archived 2018-05-02 at the Wayback Motorcar

watkinmarly1944.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida

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